When a piece or the land has both a bonus and a malus to Health, can players benefit from the standard "min. 1" limit on the malus by applying all of the penalties before the bonuses?

When a piece or the land has both a bonus and a malus to Health, can players benefit from the standard "min. 1" limit on the malus by applying all of the penalties before the bonuses?

No, the restriction that Health can't go below 1 applies to the final Health at the end of the computation, not on any intermediate state where only some of the Health modifiers have been applied. Apply all of the bonuses and maluses at once to get the final Health value, and then apply the "min 1." limit at the end.
This mostly comes up when there are multiple maluses at once or when a single malus is -2 or more. For example, if the land is under the effect of "All Things Weaken" (-1 Health), "Depleted Soil" (-1 Health in lands with Towns/Cities), and "Anchor the Land's Resilience" (+8 Health in Sacred Sites of Vital Strength of the Earth's Resilience Aspect), the final total is 2−1−1+8=8 Health for the land, even though applying the penalties "first" made the Health 0 in the middle of the computation.