Depleted Soil

Is the "6 or more damage to the land" check of Kingdom of Sweden's Level 1 Heavy Mining affected by modifiers to the land's health? (e.g., All Things Weaken, the Resilience Aspect for Vital Strength of the Earth)
Yes. So they would need, e.g., 5 Damage to add 2 Blight if the land has only 1 Health due to "All Things Weaken," but 14 Damage to add 2 Blight in a land with Vital Strength of the Earth {Resilience}'s Sacred Site.
The same applies for the Habsburg Monarchy (Livestock Colony)'s extra loss condition (which would need 7 Damage in a 1-Health land to count Blight and 16 Damage in such a Sacred Site to count Blight).
Tags: Damage, Resilience Aspect (Vital Strength of the Earth), Kingdom of Sweden, Habsburg Monarchy (Livestock Colony), 3 more...

When a piece or the land has both a bonus and a malus to Health, can players benefit from the standard "min. 1" limit on the malus by applying all of the penalties before the bonuses?
No, the restriction that Health can't go below 1 applies to the final Health at the end of the computation, not on any intermediate state where only some of the Health modifiers have been applied. Apply all of the bonuses and maluses at once to get the final Health value, and then apply the "min 1." limit at the end.
This mostly comes up when there are multiple maluses at once or when a single malus is -2 or more. For example, if the land is under the effect of "All Things Weaken" (-1 Health), "Depleted Soil" (-1 Health in lands with Towns/Cities), and "Anchor the Land's Resilience" (+8 Health in Sacred Sites of Vital Strength of the Earth's Resilience Aspect), the final total is 2−1−1+8=8 Health for the land, even though applying the penalties "first" made the Health 0 in the middle of the computation.
Tags: Health, Durable, All Things Weaken, The Land's Bounty Exhausted, 19 more...