Rhythmomachy
AKA The Philosopher's Game, Arithmetical Chess
One of the most strategically challenging games of all time, Rhythmomachy is a positional board game where each piece has a number, and captures are made through a combination of numbers and positions.
Rhythmomachy appears to have been popular in intellectual circles for much of the Middle Ages and Renaissance, but died out completely in the 17th century.
Variants
Reconstructions and Other Discussions